Northern cardinal - Wikipedia. The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a North American bird in the genus Cardinalis; it is also known colloquially as the redbird or common cardinal. It can be found in southern Canada, through the eastern United States from Maine to Texas and south through Mexico. It is found in woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and swamps.
The northern cardinal is a mid- sized songbird with a body length of 2. It has a distinctive crest on the head and a mask on the face which is black in the male and gray in the female. The male is a vibrant red, while the female is a dull reddish olive. The northern cardinal is mainly granivorous, but also feeds on insects and fruit. The male behaves territorially, marking out his territory with song.
During courtship, the male feeds seed to the female beak- to- beak. A clutch of three to four eggs is laid, and two to four clutches are produced each year. It was once prized as a pet, but its sale as a cage bird was banned in the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1.
Taxonomy. In 1. 83. Cardinalis and given the scientific name Cardinalis virginianus, which means . In 1. 91. 8, the scientific name was changed to Richmondena cardinalis to honor Charles Wallace Richmond, an American ornithologist. The adult weighs from 3. The color becomes duller and darker on the back and wings. Both sexes possess prominent raised crests and bright coral- colored beaks.
The beak is cone- shaped and strong. The iris of the eye is brown. When fed only yellow pigments, males become a pale red color, rather than a yellow. During the winter months, both male and female will fluff up their down feathers in order to trap warm air next to their body and keeping cold air from reaching their body. The down feathers are small and hairlike at the base of each flight feather. The legs and feet of almost all birds are thin and lack feathers, and so are vulnerable to rapid heat loss.
Its range extends west to the U. S. An allopatric population is found on the Pacific slope of Mexico from Jalisco to Oaxaca; note that this population is not shown on the range map. The species was introduced to Bermuda in 1. It has also been introduced in Hawaii and southern California. Its natural habitat is woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and swamps. The male sings in a loud, clear whistle from the top of a tree or another high location to defend his territory.
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He will chase off other males entering his territory. He may mistake his image on various reflective surfaces as an invading male, and will fight his reflection relentlessly. The northern cardinal learns its songs, and as a result the songs vary regionally. Mated pairs often travel together. Some common phrases are described as . This call often is given when predators approach the nest, in order to give warning to the female and nestlings.
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- The northern cardinal. He will chase off other males entering. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball's National League and the.
The frequency and volume of these notes increases as the threat becomes greater. Predators of chicks and eggs include milk snakes, coluber constrictors, blue jays, eastern gray squirrels, fox squirrels, eastern chipmunks.
It is a ground feeder and finds food while hopping on the ground through trees or shrubbery. It will also consume insects, including beetles, cicadas, grasshoppers, and snails; it feeds its young almost exclusively on insects.
Mated pairs sometimes sing together before nesting. During courtship they may also participate in a bonding behavior where the male collects food and brings it to the female, feeding her beak- to- beak.
She crushes twigs with her beak until they are pliable, then turns in the nest to bend the twigs around her body and push them into a cup shape with her feet. The cup has four layers: coarse twigs (and sometimes bits of trash) covered in a leafy mat, then lined with grapevine bark and finally grasses, stems, rootlets, and pine needles. The nest typically takes three to nine days to build; the finished product is 5. Cardinals do not usually use their nests more than once. The female builds a cup nest in a well- concealed spot in dense shrub or a low tree 1.
The nest is made of thin twigs, bark strips, and grasses, lined with grasses or other plant fibers. The eggs are white, with a tint of green, blue or brown, and are marked with lavender, gray, or brown blotches which are thicker around the larger end. Eggs measure approximately 2. Incubation takes 1. Two to three, and even four, broods are raised each year. Backyard birders attract it using feeders containing seeds, particularly sunflower seeds and safflower seeds. Although some controversy surrounds bird feeding, an increase in backyard feeding by humans has generally been beneficial to this species.
It is listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN Red List, with an estimated global range of 5,8. In professional sports, it is the mascot of the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball's National League and the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League. In college athletics, it is the mascot of many schools including Ball State University, The Catholic University of America, Illinois State University, Iowa State University, Lamar University, the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, North Idaho College, Saint John Fisher College, the State University of New York at Plattsburgh, the University of Louisville, the University of the Incarnate Word, Wesleyan University, and Wheeling Jesuit University. State bird. It was also a candidate to become the state bird of Delaware, but lost to the Delaware Blue Hen. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
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Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). The Birds of North America, Vol. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America.^. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2. Code of Federal Regulations. Code Chapter 7, Subchapter II Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
Code of Federal Regulations.